Journal of Applied Science and Education (JASE)

Plant Disease Detection using Image Processing

Shivam tiwari — 2025-04-25

The proposed crop disease detection method integrates color standardization, image segmentation, texture feature computation, and feature extraction through a pre-trained deep neural network. Initiating with color space normalization, it segments images for disease signs, calculates texture attributes in these areas, and harnesses a pretrained CNN to extract critical disease-related features. This cohesive process optimizes disease identification accuracy, utilizing deep learning and image analysis techniques. By automating disease recognition based on visual symptoms, this system empowers farmers with an accurate, automated tool for distinguishing crop diseases from healthy areas, facilitating timely intervention and crop management.

Customer Perception and Adoption of Green Banking Services: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Sector Banks in Jaipur City

Pooja Meena — 2025-04-25

Green banking plays a crucial role in promoting environmentally sustainable financial practices (Wang & Zhang, 2023). This study explores consumer perceptions and the adoption of green banking services in Jaipur City by comparing public and private sector banks. Using primary data collected from 300 respondents, the research ex-amines factors such as consumer awareness, satisfaction levels, and usage trends. Findings suggest that private banks lead in green banking adoption, likely due to their advanced digital infrastructure and effective marketing strategies. In contrast, public sector banks encounter challenges related to infrastructure development and customer engagement. The study concludes with strategic recommendations to en-hance green banking adoption across both sectors.

Novel Techniques for Removal of Dyes from Wastewater: A Review

Priyanka Jangid — 2025-04-25

Dyes are extensively used to color products across various industries, including textiles, leather tanning, cosmetics, and pigments. The textile sector alone accounts for approximately 14% of India’s total industrial production, contributing around 4% to the nation’s GDP and generating about 27% of its total foreign exchange earnings. However, the discharge of effluents from these industries poses significant environmental and health risks. In India, textile industries consume over 100 liters of water to process just 1 kg of textiles, which has led to the contamination of surface and groundwater resources in several regions. To mitigate the detrimental impact of dyeladen wastewater on human health and ecosystems, effective treatment is essential before effluents are discharged into water bodies. Consequently, the removal of dyes from wastewater has gained considerable attention in recent years due to the harmful, often carcinogenic, effects of untreated textile effluents. Dye removal from wastewater can be accomplished using a range of physicochemical or biological methods. This paper reviews existing literature on the importance of remediation technologies aimed at efficiently removing textile dyes from industrial effluents, with a focus on improving fragile ecosystems worldwide.

A Comprehensive Review: Nanotechnology scope and application in plant disease management

Nisha Saini — 2025-04-25

Nanotechnology has the potential for addressing current issues related to agriculture and is an innovative technique for increasing the production of crops. A wide variety of materials, such as metal, metallic oxides, nonmetals, ceramics, semiconductors, polymeric structures, lipid-based nanostructures, carbon-based nanostructures and quantum dots, are included in nanoparticles, which range in size from 1 to 100 na-nometers. Their use asherbicides, pesticides, insecticides, and nano fertilizers has been made easier by their large surface area, strong reactivity, and nanoscale size. Furthermore, nanoparticles can be engineered to function as carriers of genetic material, molecular probes, and agrichemicals as well as biosensors in the diagnosis of plant diseases. The use of nanotechnology in plant pathology has increased dramatically in the last ten years, with nanomaterials being essential for molecular tools for study, disease management, and detection. Utilizing metallic and metallic oxide nanoparticles as antibacterial agents and nano fertilizers to inhibit infections and improve plant health has received a lot of attention. Much research has also been done on their potential as sensor technology for accurate and quick diagnosis of plant diseases. The field of nanotechnology provides promising alternatives as the need for environmentally friendly agricultural methods grows globally in the face of climate change issues. Nanoparticles have the potential to completely transform agricultural disease management techniques by reducing chemical inputs and facilitating the quick identification of pathogenic organisms, hence promoting sustainable as well as resilient food systems.

Impact Analysis of Microfinance on Women Empowerment: An Empirical Evidence

Khushboo Sogani — 2025-04-25

This study examines the impact of microfinance on women's empowerment in Rajasthan, emphasizing its role in their economic, social, and political engagement. The primary objective is to evaluate how Self-Help Groups (SHGs) contribute to improving women's access to financial resources, enhancing their decision-making abilities, and fostering socio-economic advancement. Additionally, the research seeks to analyze microfinance initiatives to determine their effectiveness in alleviating poverty, promoting gender equality, and enabling women to overcome systemic barriers. The study uses mixed methods between qualitative and quantitative methodologies. SHGs members from various rural and semi-urban locations in Rajasthan were nominated to participate in the structured interviews and surveys, which were then used to gather primary data. Secondary data, including eports and case studies, supplemented the analysis to contextualize findings within broader trends. Statistical tools were employed to measure the relationship between SHG participation and indicators of empowerment, such as income generation, access to education, healthcare decisions, and community involvement. The findings reveal that participation in SHGs significantly enhances women’s financial independence, improves household decision-making, and strengthens their confidence in public life. Microfinance serves as a catalyst for creating sustainable livelihoods, reducing dependency on exploitative lending practices, and fostering community solidarity. However, challenges such as limited literacy, lack of training, and socio-cultural constraints remain barriers to maximizing the benefits. The study emphasizes that sustaining the positive effects of microfinance on women's empowerment in Rajasthan requires well-designed policy measures, capacity-building initiatives, and ongoing support for Self-Help Groups (SHGs).These insights contribute to the growing evidence base on the transformative potential of microfinance in achieving inclusive development goals.

Synthesis and Characterization of Organochalcogens (S, Te, Se)

Shreya Dwivedi — 2025-04-25

Organochalcogen compounds, which include sulfur (S), tellurium (Te), and selenium (Se), constitute a diverse and highly functional class of molecules with broad applications in medicinal chemistry, materials science, and catalysis. This review explores various synthetic approaches for organochalcogens, such as nucleophilic substitution, transition metal-catalyzed coupling, and cyclization reactions, aiming to enhance reaction efficiency and sustainability. Notably, microwave-assisted synthesis has emerged as an eco-friendly alternative, significantly reducing reaction time while enhancing product selectivity. The preparation of organotellurium(IV) diiodides and dithiocarbamate-functionalized tellurium compounds underscores their structural flexibility and potential in coordination chemistry. In organosulfur chemistry, the development of dithiocarbamate-functionalized organotellurium(IV) derivatives has demonstrated high reaction efficiency, achieving yields of up to 93%, with monodentate ligand coordination confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. Additionally, selenium-containing heterocycles, including selenenophenes, selenochromenes, and quinoxalines, have been synthesized via photoinduced cyclization and radical pathways, often facilitated by copper(I) iodide, iron(III) chloride, or dialkyl diselenides. Despite these advancements, challenges persist in improving compound stability, optimizing green synthetic methods, and broadening their functional applications. Furthermore, the study confirms the formation of stable organochalcogen derivatives with distinct structural and electronic properties, demonstrating potential applications in antioxidant, anticancer, and photovoltaic technologies.

Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources: A Review

Nimisha Jain — 2025-04-25

Climate change is the increase in Earth’s mean temperature and the corresponding significant modifications to weather patterns. Climate and water are inextricably linked. Water gets more scarce, polluted, and unreliable as a result of severe weather conditions. Resources of water are projected to be impacted by climate change, which has an impact on precipitation quantity, variability, timing, form, and intensity. Rising global temperatures result in more water evaporating, which raises the amounts of water vapor in the atmosphere, leading to more frequent, intense, and violent rainstorms in the years to come. Temperature and precipitation variations are the primary ways of climate change that modify the hydrological cycles, which could exacerbate regional and worldwide water shortages. Therefore, the main cycle through which climate change occurs is weather and water, specifically the delicate balance between evaporation and precipitation. Water management techniques and the operation of current water infrastructure, such as irrigation, drainage, flood defenses, and hydropower, are all impacted by climate change. Current climate projections indicate that safeguarding the water will require controlling its effects, whether excessive or insufficient and taking the necessary steps to reduce the vulnerabilities of businesses and communities. The correlation between climate change and water resources is discussed in this review. Evaluating the availability of water resources in light of future national needs and the predicted effects of climate change and its variability is essential for long-term development on both a national and global scale. Consequently, it is clear that there are intricate connections between the climate, water, biophysical and socioeconomic systems. Therefore, human society, especially in Rajasthan is primarily concerned about the interaction between change of climate and water resources, particularly freshwater.

Nexus of Gramin Banks, Sustainable Agriculture, Financial Inclusion and Rural Prosperity: A Comprehensive Study

Pradhuman Adesra — 2025-04-25

Understanding these dynamics is crucial for creating effective policies that lessen financial inequality, promote sustainable farming practices, and increase economic resilience. Rural economies are the backbone of India's development. In Rajasthan, India, this study examines the connections between Gramin banks, sustainable agri-culture, financial inclusion, and rural prosperity. Data from 372 respondents in Jaipur, Udaipur, and Jodhpur gathered between April and July 2024 were analyzed by the study using Smart-PLS. The findings show substantial relationships between sustain-able agricultural practices and financial inclusion and a strong positive correlation between rural prosperity and access to Gramin banks. The results emphasize the significance of sustainable farming practices for attaining long-term prosperity and the critical role that rural banking plays in enhancing financial access and promoting economic stability. The study suggests that policymakers and stakeholders should enhance rural banking infrastructure and encourage eco-friendly agriculture in ad-vance of rural development. Moreover, it identifies potential for future research into the role of technological innovations in these domains.

Recent Advances in Structural Aspects of Small Molecules as Epigenetic Inhibitors in Cancer Therapeutics

Vanshika Gupta — 2025-04-25

Cancer is a non-contagious disease whose treatment poses considerable difficulty for the worldwide healthcare system, even though numerous pharmacological and therapeutic advancements have been achieved. Although cancer rates are going up, survival rates have also improved in many cases, largely thanks to better and more specific drugs. These new drugs target specific changes in tumors, which are identified molecular testing. These changes can be in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence, or in the ‘epigenetics’, which does not change the DNA sequence. Importantly epigenetic changes can be reversed, unlike DNA changes. Different types of epigenetic enzymes which target corresponding protein domains, emphasize DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA-mediated cooperation with epi-genetic modification, and highlight recent achievements in developing targets for epigenetic inhibitor therapy. This article reviews current anticancer small-molecule inhibitors targeting epigenetic modified enzymes and displays their performances in different stages of clinical trials.

Kinetic and Mechanistic Study of Selective Oxidation Reactions by SomeCr(VI) Complexes: A Review

Chandra Prakash Saini — 2025-04-25

Chromium complexes of the hexavalent state are very effective and selective oxidizing agents broadly employed to oxidize many organic substrates with mild reaction conditions. This review provides basic information about the kinetics and mechanisms of selective oxidation reactions catalyzed by the various Cr(VI) complexes. Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, amines, sulfides, and other functional group-containing molecules are the substrates covered. Some general experimental techniques used to estimate reaction rates, reaction order, isotope effects, and other kinetic parameters are discussed. Different methods, which again include DFT calculations and molecular dynamics simulations that provide information on transition states, intermediates, and reaction pathways, are also explored. Concerning the reactivity and selectivity of the process, the influence of the type of Cr(VI) complex, ligands employed, solvents, additives, and reaction conditions are described in detail. The trends in reactivity are analyzed in terms of electronic and steric factors of substrates. Possible mechanisms are outlined, along with the contemporary developments and the questions raised. In conclusion, current advancements in the use of Cr(VI)-mediated oxidation processes in organic synthesis, catalysis, and green chemistry are summarized with a focus on the future directions. This review aims to synthesize a mechanistic model for the different reactivities of Cr(VI) complexes and guide the future design of oxidation processes.

Impact of Social Media on Consumer Buying Behaviour in Shekhawati Region

Sukhveer — 2025-04-25

This paper investigates the influence of social media on consumer buying behavior in Shekhawati region, Rajasthan, India. Shekhawati region was a typical combination of rural and semi-urban class people but with the increasing impact of internet and social media for the last several years. The objective of this research was to determine how Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp and YouTube etc., are affecting consumers while making purchases. A number of 200 respondents from different areas, both urban as well as rural, covering all age groups, having different statuses, have been taken into account to conduct surveys. It has been found that now-a-days social media is considered to be one of the powerful tools which tends to increase awareness about products or services. It also augments peer pressure regarding purchase choice and furthermore enhances customer exploration for product or service offerings. It highlights the importance for firms to integrate the conventional and digital marketing tools in catering the different characteristics of this region’s population. The patterns revealed may also help companies understand strategies to adapt consumer behavior changes for competing in a highly evolving market.

An Examination of Investors’ Perceptions Regarding Contemporary Investment Prospects in Rajasthan

Anurag Jhanwar — 2025-04-25

India's rapid economic growth has led to an expanding array of investment opportu-nities, attracting modern investors seeking diversification. This study examines in-vestor perceptions of contemporary investment options in the Didwana-Kuchaman District of Rajasthan. It explores how demographic factors influence investment deci-sions and evaluates preferences for instruments such as mutual funds, equities, sov-ereign gold bonds, REITs, ULIPs, small cases, cryptocurrency, and portfolio manage-ment services. The research, based on primary data from 145 respondents, reveals a preference for low-risk, long-term investments, with mutual funds and equities emerging as top choices. Findings suggest that income level, financial literacy, and past investment experiences significantly shape investor behavior. The study under-scores the importance of awareness initiatives to enhance decision-making and op-timize investment strategies.