Journal of Applied Science and Education (JASE)

Determination of Total Chlorophyll, Carbohydrate and Hydrolyzing Enzymes Contents in Mitragyna Parvifolia Leaves

Om Prakash Meena — 2023-04-25

Histochemical studies have shown that gall-inducing agents can alter the cell and tissue metabolism on the host plant part. Morphological changes in the host tissues are ulti-mately linked with physiological changes. Histochemistry enables the localization of various metabolites present in the tissue. To understand the morphological changes in terms of physiology certain histochemical studies have been carried out. An attempt has been made to interpret the biochemical data in terms of cells, tissues and tissue systems. Fresh hand-cut sections were used to study the changes brought about in the distribu-tion of various metabolites and enzymes of the normal and gall tissues. The metabolites studied during the present investigation were chlorophyll, totally insoluble polysaccha-rides and enzymes.

Exploration of Various Issues Associated with Sustainable use of Sanitary Napkins

Pratibha Singh — 2023-04-25

Sanitary napkins are layered designs, as they need to satisfy different end-use proper-ties simultaneously. The most common issues with current napkins include leakage, odor, and the need for frequent change. To address these problems, a comprehensive survey was conducted among 500 women residing in two selected villages within the study area. The survey covered women's expectations of sanitary napkins, their percep-tions of these products, performance characteristics, and the challenges encountered with existing sanitary napkins. In the initial segments of the overview, the expectations from sanitary napkins, perception of sanitary napkins, performance characteristics and the problems in current sanitary napkins were addressed. The findings indicated that women prioritize absorption properties such as leak-proofing and dryness, as well as an odorless and soft surface. The most desirable functional characteristic was antibacterial activity. There were notable differences in the expectations, selection factors, and issues reported by women across different age groups. The collected data was used to design a cost-effective sanitary napkin made up of more than 80% biodegradable materials, promoting sustainability in the production of sanitary napkins.

An Insight into the Bio Medical Waste Management Status of Alwar using Indicators and Sub-Indicators

Deepa Bhambhani — 2023-04-25

The United Nations in 2015 adopted seventeen sustainable development goals among which good health and wellbeing for all is one of them to be achieved by 2030. Thus, continuous improvements in the health sector have become the primary focus of governments around the globe. The irony is that the medical sector which are our main agencies of health have become a major source of infectious pollutants due to the byproducts released from them after the utilization of these services. The waste generated from health care facilities is called bio medical waste in India; though it has various terminologies which are used widely in different countries across the globe making it all the more complicated to be handled. Already bio medical waste has been regarded as the second most hazardous waste after radioactive waste thus making it essential to be regularized by rules and regulations. Such rules are found to exist all around the world. But the poor management of bio medical waste in developing countries raises some pertinent questions regarding the enforcement of these rules. We through our article are presenting the important parameters that can be a boon for the sustainable management of bio medical waste. These parameters are called indicators or sub indicators and are six in number and indicate how efficiently a health care facility is managing its bio medical waste.

Use of Biomonitoring in Health Risk Assessment of Workers to Heavy Metals in Industrial Environment

Rita Mehra — 2023-04-25

The problem of occupational and work exposure to trace and toxic metals existed at the beginning of industrialization which even persists today. Biomonitoring is the analytical science with multidisciplinary applications that guides industrialist in assessment, management and prevention of trace and toxic metal exposure to workers at work-place. In the present research work, 40 workers were included for the study as subjects out of which, 20 were exposed and 20 were included as controls. Head hair samples were collected from all the subjects and were pretreated for decontamination by wash-ing then digested to get colorless solution prior to analysis for lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.

Pulp and Papermill Effluent Treatment by Continuous Electrocoagulation

Ashima Srivastava — 2023-04-25

The continuous electrocoagulation (CEC) technique, which uses aluminium (Al) as an electrode material, is examined in this work for the treatment of highly toxic pulp and papermill effluents. The process optimization was done with respect to the flow rates (L h⁻¹) and residence time (τ) of wastewater which resulted in the excellent removal of Total solids (TS), colour and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The removal rate of COD was 94.4 and 93.1% at the optimal flow rates of 0.5 and 1.0 dm³ h⁻¹, correspondingly, whereas the colour removal rate was 91.6 and 83.6%. There was gradual decrease in the pH of the effluent during the process due to the production of aluminium hydroxides in variable oxidation states. Variation in the cell voltage during the electrolysis has also been studied. TDS of effluent was also decreased by a factor of 93% after 4 h residence time at a flow rate of 0.5 dm³ h⁻¹. With a variation in flow rates, electrode degradation and consumption were also examined.

Evaluation of Anti-corrosive Efficacy of Prosopis Cineraria Extract on the Nitric Acid Corrosion of Copper

Arvind Kumar Meena — 2023-04-25

Anti-corrosive propensity of Prosopis cineraria extract on the corrosion behavior of copper (Cu) in nitric acid (HNO₃) medium was investigated by applying gravimetric technique. Corrosion inhibition efficiency of Prosopis cineraria was observed to enhance with increasing concentration of extract and reduce with elevation in temperature. The inhibitor underwent physisorption on the Cu metal surface. Adsorption characteristics were approximated by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Highest inhibition efficiency (η%) 86.12 % was obtained at 303±1 K in fruit extract. It was observed that the extract acts as a benign potential corrosion inhibitor for Cu corrosion in 1.0 M HNO3 acid solution. Results revealed that existence of Prosopis cineraria extract enhances the energy of activation (E_a) of corrosion reaction. Adsorption parameters such as kinetic and thermodynamic [Gibbs free energy change (ΔG0ads) and adsorption equilibrium constant (K_ads)] of adsorption process were determined from experimental data. These parameters show a strong interaction between surface of copper metal and inhibitor extract. The inhibitor adsorption process on surface of copper was found to be physical, exothermic and spontaneous. The surface morphology and characterization of copper was done by applying scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Functioning of Ethnic Federalism in Ethiopia: An Overlook to Myth and Reality in Present Scenario

Dr. Rajesh Kumar — 2023-04-25

This study tries to investigate how Ethiopian federalism functions, concentrating on the discrepancy between the system's aspirations and actualities. In order to accommodate its numerous ethnic groups, guara of Pntee regional autonomy, and foster equitable development, Ethiopia chose a federal structure in 1991. Federalism has, however, been poorly implemented due to a number of problems and inconsistencies. This paper will critically analyse the myth surrounding federalism in Ethiopia and examine the realities on the ground. It will draw on academic research, government reports, and expert opinions to provide a comprehensive analysis of the functioning of federalism in Ethio-pia.