Synthesis and Characterization of Organochalcogens (S, Te, Se)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54060/a2zjournals.jase.80Keywords:
Organochalcogens, Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium, Synthesis, CharacterizationAbstract
Organochalcogen compounds, which include sulfur (S), tellurium (Te), and selenium (Se), constitute a diverse and highly functional class of molecules with broad applications in medicinal chemistry, materials science, and catalysis. This review explores various synthetic approaches for organochalcogens, such as nucleophilic substitution, transition metal-catalyzed coupling, and cyclization reactions, aiming to enhance reaction efficiency and sustainability. Notably, microwave-assisted synthesis has emerged as an eco-friendly alternative, significantly reducing reaction time while enhancing product selectivity. The preparation of organotellurium(IV) diiodides and dithiocarbamate-functionalized tellurium compounds underscores their structural flexibility and potential in coordination chemistry. In organosulfur chemistry, the development of dithiocarbamate-functionalized organotellurium(IV) derivatives has demonstrated high reaction efficiency, achieving yields of up to 93%, with monodentate ligand coordination confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. Additionally, selenium-containing heterocycles, including selenenophenes, selenochromenes, and quinoxalines, have been synthesized via photoinduced cyclization and radical pathways, often facilitated by copper(I) iodide, iron(III) chloride, or dialkyl diselenides. Despite these advancements, challenges persist in improving compound stability, optimizing green synthetic methods, and broadening their functional applications. Furthermore, the study confirms the formation of stable organochalcogen derivatives with distinct structural and electronic properties, demonstrating potential applications in antioxidant, anticancer, and photovoltaic technologies.
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